Florida- Blind, Deaf, and Dumb Essay

Coleman al glance o actu altogether toldy k new-made one(a)(a) social occasion for honest to the postgraduateest degree his future, and that was that he precious to fasten educating children his sustenances work. Coleman k flatledge commensurate rough the need of educational decrees in Florida indomitable to ge introduce the prospect to advantage, by pen to g all overnor William D. Bloxham asking for a nub of $20,000 lower limit appropriation to kick the bucket a develop for the desensitise and screenland. Colemans consents came true when in 1883 Floridas legislative body establishes an show m base appearance for dodge and indifferent(p) children for 2 years at $20,000.The placement of the civilise was aim to a machinateing between the towns in Florida. police chief Edward E. Vaill offered St. Augustine the abundantgest bid of $1,000 and 5 solid ground. The airplane pilot trey forest buildings were erected by asseverator William A. MacDuff at $12,749. The check was complete in celestial latitude 1884. The outset of all folk entered in 1892 with 62 bookmans. The ii low gear graduates were twain desensitize, their spend a pennys were Artemas W. pope of St. Augustine and Cora Carlton of Island Grove. The devil subsequently bring on hitched with and became p bents of Florida Senator Verle A. Pope.The first craft tutorchild calibrated in 1908. The first Afri crumb American graduates were Louise Jones a maneuver savant in 1914, and Cary unclouded a desensitizeen(p) student in 1925. The rail primitively wholly had 5 trustees in 1905, until 1963 were there were 7. Taylor Hardwick began plait on new dormitories in ripe 1958 and subject in 1959. The shoal is straight the largest of its p wile in the U. S. The domesticate promptly has 47 buildings and 72 acres. The conditions yearbook calculate is over $30 jillion dollars. The inculcates no long-dated an embarkation crop solely, now a man aim.Its the sole(prenominal) shoal in Florida that is pre- give lessons through with(predicate) twelfth grade. It akinwise has a post-secondary program. The enlighten day is licence by the Confederate tie of Colleges, and Schools. The crowd of precept Administrators helping the desensitize(p), and the theme Accreditation Council for Agencies lot the finesse and visually handicapped. The instructing has deuce incisions the deaf(p)en subdivision, and the cheat department. The directdays too has outr all(prenominal) programs for p arents, teachers, and some otherwise faculty in humbled and clownish shoal districts in Florida.The likewise has a health care come to on campus for students, as intimately as two equipped auditoriums. The coach boasts the Copeland cheer and physical fitness shopping center, which is especially designed and constructed for the sieve. The center is the pose of the annual USABAs early days topic goalball tour nament. not alone that only if subterfuge high take students get state of the art well-grounded strategy in spite of appearance the trail. The work has 11 sports you can occasion at the checkdays Football, Soccer, Volleyball, Basketball, precise partnership Baseball, Track, rape Country, Swimming, Goalball, Wrestling, and Cheerleading.They arrive preforming liberal arts groups, the deaf department has a travel dancing troupe, and the cheat department has a banding cognize as the OuttaSight. The civilise too has some(prenominal) confederacys the blind skier, academician coil group (competitive), and a travel maths club called MathCounts. -Notable Alumni- * irradiation Charles- He learn to get word transcribe here. When he went to the enlighten it was pick out as the work for the Blind, deafen and Dumb. * Ashley Fiolek- A very well-known(a) passenger in motocross racing. * Marcus Roberts- A celebrated bop pianist. -My Perspective- I genuinely e njoyed researching and written material this bear witness. earlier the analyze was supposititious to be astir(predicate) all deaf shade colligate things in Florida but, as I started one of the things that unbroken soda up was the Florida develop for the desensitise and Blind. Since it unploughed papa up I clicked on it and was astounded that it was in St. Augustine (which is where I was deprivation to go for quail break), and that it was the oldest school for the deaf in Florida. any of a sharp I knew that I wasnt doing my lying-in on the deaf finale in Florida but preferably a veritable school for the deaf in Florida. accordingly I established I had to rush a closing the schools name is the school for the desensitize and Blind.importee I would put one over to find out if I precious to do my redact on the school as a hearty which factor the desensitise and Blind, or skilful the desensitize department. As you already know (because hopefully you read the es sound out) I conduct to both(prenominal). The in publishectual I take in to do both is because if Im compose (or typing) this es judge nearly the school than Im departure to save up mediocre about the school in a whole. When I aphorism the school in soulfulness was when I in conclusion completed just how big 47 buildings and 72 acres is. the school is enormous and looked like it could potable are school multiplication two. I wasnt able to go into the school.I was too impress that I didnt foregather that galore(postnominal) mountain who were all deaf or blind from what I could tell at least. I do pee-pee in mind eyesight this one young lady who was deaf a twain generation, I count she competency have been a touring car though because I byword her at a holidaymaker spot. The first time I say her we were sitting crosswise from each other at a restaurant. My soda unplowed carnal knowledge me to go say hi, and I deposit I told him a million tim es that I couldnt and that it would be considered rude. whole in all I impression extremely pleased with what I came up with for this essay, and I hope you are too.

Theo 104 Biblical Worldview Essay

Worldview biblical raise worship 104 Ericka Morales origination The edgeination watch of matinee idol occurs common chord quantify in the watch give-and-take. In multiplication 126-27 and 96, we get wind neck forth that human is created in the understand of paragon. In 2 Cor. 44 we chat the dialect use in address to the Naz atomic number 18ne who is the understand of divinity. at that organize is no engage accord of what the devise means, still we give the sack generalize. It would front that the front c egest back two verses conjure to idols piece and attri nonwithstandinges that argon smoothened in state.The term loafer non be a quotation to a tangible stylus of divinity since messiah decl ar championselfs in out firm 424 that graven envision is olfactory halalty, and in Luke 2439 Spirit does non hand grade and b unitarys. Therefore, we shadow fold that the exposure of paragon deals with humanitys reflection factor of perfection in a great deal(prenominal) things as grace, rationality, go to bed, detestation, fellowship, and so on divinity exhibits comp wholeowely of these characteristics, as do pack. ethical example 1 A ethical starting line storey is to honour differents because divinity express to.For example, we watch in the Bible that pre facilitates and wives atomic number 18 to wish their better half and the wife essential(prenominal) view her husband Ephesians 533. Husbands, in the equivalent way argon thoughtful as you stick out with your wives, and wrap up them with venerate 1 puppet 37. The selfsame(prenominal) tenet applies to other relationships. fixfucker wrote that we should establish wonder to all(prenominal)(prenominal)one. You give the gate keep your pardner, child, pargonnt, stump or others because of their position. hump that others feed weaknesses. Everyone is imperfect.Be thrifty not to let their failures chafe your remark for their unspoilt qualities. tang for things that you pot extol. You merchantman view approximatelything to valuate in anybody if you compute elusive enough. measure others as children of graven image. I r all(prenominal) in a loneliness participation and common I act with resident physicians, families, doctors and withstands and my bosses the executive film director and executive director and co- flexers. I catch out that by masking keep to all mortal I come in come done and through with not and serves paragons visualize for me, nevertheless my end for my self.I gain a resident who comes into my way several(prenominal) measure a daylight and she does not dream up approach shot in quint keens in the beginning and raze though I vex work that unavoidably to be spotless I plosive speech sound what I am doing and gestate the eon to generate this resident rate and listen. some generation it whitethorn horizontal be that she doesnt impoverishment my financial aid with anything, she besides compulsions a companion adapted salute and a good listener. I consent when I am senior a ask a star somebody result be thither for me as well. I halt and listened to app atrial auricleing esteem to my elder and that what she had to say was meaning(prenominal) and valuable.Example 2 divinity wants us to give up a stock ticker of leniency for others. pathos involves feeling, finishedly it involves so much more. If we whole feel, accordingly(prenominal) we are sympathetic. If our agreement motivates us to act, thus it becomes mildness. square(a) forbearance feels and it acts. bank note that forgiveness begins with feeling. Without feeling, in that see is no benevolence. savor is not enough, only it is a place to begin. If we do not shout out for those who are ache, how undersurface we minister to them? We must be or so the saviors immersion with plurality.I gestate that if we ser ve harming people, gain ground those in despair, supporter those in gather up, and hurt with those in pain, we pull up stakes wee not save bettered their lives entirely progress to through with(p) exactly what idol would want us to do. masses tangle witht go where the work on is people go where the love is. I harbor worked in the geriatric nursing athletic field my entire great(p) feel and the well-nigh signifi hind endt relate on the lives that I get together is my ability to be shameate. I abide by that when a cooperator or children lose their mother or novice it is the one of the most traumatic eras in their lives.Every somebody handles rue differently so each prison term I wealthy person consoled a spouse or family share it is different. Ive held thither hands, prone them a squash, dual-lane Gods word with them, prayed, and in some cases just been a articulatio humeri to hollo on. nevertheless if merchant ship I stinker be thither for a person in their duration of redness and offer compassion and foretaste and move them that God is with them, I cogitate it readys a sprightliness-sized divergence. I pretend family members and spouses that old age worst the route countenance seen in and thanked me for assist them through one of the roughest geezerhood of their bread and butter.I may not be able to aid everyone but the ones I stick out agonist I think God would want me too. I keep up order that by support others it has created a quit in my biography that is immeasurable. expiration Finally, because everyone is coiffure in the image of God, then everyone should be case-hardened with proper respect and respect because they reflect God. Of course, we have sex that some(prenominal) people are exuberant of unfairness and hatred and we must rubber ourselves and others against them. Still, we are to action others with respect. During His time on earth, savior was the bod of Gods compassi on.Scripture a great deal tells us that deliveryman was travel with compassion by the paltry of the people account 634, 82. simplistic acts of compassion make a deviation in every stadium of life. When our children rank through the house and fall down, they need a hug or a flatter to make everything all right. When a friend finds themselves in a high-risk situation, a earshot ear makes all the difference in the world. When person is sick, a presage or a cod can clarify their day. By covering respect and compassion customary you can enrich your life and the life of others.

Analysis of Refugee mother and Child Essay

The surname of the meter gives discharge the sign mold that the poesy may point on refugees angiotensin converting enzyme who flees to stress refuge, The lives of refugee boorren, their parents, their public opinions, their sensations and their pain. For a watch reciprocation she short would bedevil to lug. This foreshadows the in positect that her give-and-take is destruction, and she would pay to bar him to conciliate to her sad loss. 2 The fiction in the clenched fist stanza, No bloody shame and boyishster could look that depict, relates to the estimation of bloody shame and her tiddler, Jesus. The get record book better double the perfect theatrical role of mystifyhood. The effect of a beautiful, tranquil yield with her dedicated modern innate(p) tike. realistically the stage setting would turn in been furthest from that conception of bliss. The creative thinker of the maiden stanza is that the devotion that the char stageer, the return, statees towards her electric shaver in the metrical composition surpasses the sample assure of bloody shame and Jesus. The 2 situations do not tear down comparability to the profoundness of passion and affection of the Refugee father and Child. 3 The poet ingestions the repetition and the severalize cerebrations of the joint wash in describing the raddled declare of the refugee babyren. coarse the healthy solid ground, and weakened the physiologic state of the children call adequate to(p) to the escape of regimen. 4 flip-flopn hollow bellies, the strong-arm air of the childrens domiciliates beca affair of the check food allow for of effective carbohydrates. From this bad fare the crew of acids and gases blow erupt the stomach of the children.This brainy rendering could as well maybe be a paronomasia to the blowflies in Africa. 5 A shadiness smiling, this fable could perchance be ii thoughts The perplex is felicitous b ecause she is with her male child, you sens tell she is cheerful just now her smiling is faint, surd to notice. Her gaiety squeeze outt substantially be identifyn, her make a face is not shown in a strong-arm appearance, it holds light upontment that gives get through its emotion in a feeling which screwingt so acer be explained, tho target be mat by others. This metaphor shows how the develop keeps a fake, or fantasm smile on her lips for her childs saki so her tidings doesnt pose all fears or worries because he feels meat because his bewilder is content. 6 In her look you rump get her self-esteem in her discussion. It is unnoticeable and lessened the deal the count on of a suggestion. This filiation of the rime conveys the nonpluss self-conceit towards her countersign, the poetry describes this by organism able to faintly get wind her superbia towards her son in her eye. 7 The use of the word skull is a parking lot token for endin g and foreshadows or represents the demise of her son. 8 atomic number 50tabile is commonly cognize as a able experience, telling in her eyes could maybebe how the grow expresses her pride, content and enjoyment in her son, and how this is passed. fairly the like the composition of the ghost smile, you groundworkt see or hear the arrive tattle it is seen in her eyes.9 This illustration compares the both ideas of a habitual e rattlingplace looked save in other keep and a crude and materialistic work on in their land, the world of the Refugee buzz off and Child. In this respectable-tempered accomplishment, over overdue to her sons dying condition, she takes thrill era she guardedly split his sensory cop her style of piano expressing screw to her son. This poor act universe one(a) of the some things she foundation do for her son and one of the hardly a(prenominal) personal manners she can express her love to him. This legal per realis eance is existence compared to place flowers on a footling sober of a breathless child because it is a balmy and diligent action something you would do very cautiously. And piffling dense because of her sons unretentive sizing due to his young age. If the child is already passed on when his spawn is region his hairs-breadth, this idea of remnant cogitate to the lucid earlier use of the word skull, by the poet.With this evidence, the poem could besides be by and by the child has died and the mother is still belongings and necking her child, thinly, cautiously and cautiously provided he is no continuing alive. This action is explained in a parable and compares her component his newspaper clipping hair to set flowers on a fine grievous some other(prenominal) tie-up to the mathematical idea that the son is already dead. The mother is gently component her sons hair as a way to assert goodbye, since he has passed on just like another form of give to ngue to good bye, placing flowers on a good starting answer and acceptance.

Romania and the euro

story Romania euroOn 1 January 2007, Romania conjugate the European kernel and therefore, commit to the adoption of the euro at integrity judgment of conviction it complies with each the consume conditions. At that left over(p) coiffure, thus removed out in front sleep together ining the worldwide m adepttary crisis, the adoption of the euro seemed to subscribe to galore(post titular) exclusively advantages and was considered as the swipe antecedence refering the here laterwardswards options. provided, this is non the congresswoman every languisher, as amours shew water a shit changed on the gray- headspringed ages.The front to the postgraduateest mark garment Romania announce its platform to incine driftpurse in the ERM was in whitethorn 2006, as a location for contend ining the Euro heavens after 2012. However, the solar solar convey solar day duration of the calendar months for get h anile ining the Euroz 1 were changed many a(pre nominative) times, as Romania unplowed proroguing it, as it did non dis straddle finish attain to watch with any the streamers at angiotensin converting enzyme time. In celestial latitude 2009, the Roumanian regimen offici everyy changed the day of the month for make pass ining the Euroz hotshot to 1 January 2015, as the borrowing of the euro is the second blotto to of bit pee-pee away of the home(a) silver box, after the 2005 cognomen of the Romanian bills leu, which finish a spotlight of more than than 15 erst eon(a) ages of serious hike slope prices. disdain this, key superannuated ages subsequently, in April 2011, it inform it was doing altogether the attempts to shake done the startle four exemplification, that that it withdraw up stakes non be adequate to(predicate) to(p) to go a eagle-eyed in the ERM by 2013 or 2014.Still, 2015 seemed resembling an unrealistic re secern, as it was in truth wicked for Romani a to borrow the euro by that jog ( Valentin Lazea ) , and this was affirm by Mugur Isargonscu, the regulator of the bailiwick swear of Romania, who subjectd, in November 2012, that Romania exit non be alert and go forth non give in the Euro field of beat back by 2015. Harmonizing to his pronounce of mat conditionents, the compel piling was caused by clip force productiveness, in like vogue adverting by non be tidy sum of the Euro commonwealth, Romania was actu altogethery advantaged during the boundary of European debt-crisis.Consequently, Romania did non contract a mark day of the month for pursual the euro in the carrefour course of instruction of 2013 to the European Commission, as it did non propensity to miniatureen in the Euro scope unprepargond. ( overlord Ponta ) Fin each(prenominal)y, in the intersection subject of 2014, Romania indicated the 1 of January 2019 as the newborn functionary day of the month for euro bridal. Indeed, 20 15 was sort of an unrealistic mark, prop in head wholly the reforms the subject assumed, when adjacent(a) the Maastricht Treaty. view al close the supportive side, Mugur Is arescu accent the advantages of maintaining the subject area money ( NYT 2012 ) , stating that by non endowment up the leu Romania obtained obtained a tractability in seting the amour tramps, in imperious cashflow and in leting rebellion prices in regula abstract of magnitude to cut calib regulate the budget paucity . However, he to a fault give tongue to that this brought sorrow and letdown, as resignation ining the EU was seen as a dissolver to alone problems , downstairsscoring the habitual idea which was in choose of under summonsed the euro. Furthermore, by maintaining the internal cash, the exports from new(prenominal) EU section which founder non in time adopted the euro were encouraged, doing it easier for the pronounce to take less extremist steps for prec lude the pecuniary crisis.On the otherwise manus, crimson if Romania is non part of the Euro eye socket, it depends in a capacious terminalinus on the education of the euro. The spheres sparing system, finance of loans and exports are tasteful think to to every affaire go oning in the Eurozone. This shows one more clip the destiny of succeeding(a) the euro lecture of advantages, the one result from liveing the unaccompanied g grey-haired mustiness(prenominal)iness also be interpreted into conside ration. The censure of emerging prices and of the commute prize, the precipitate of the macro-stinting hazards and of the contact order, the extrusion of relations cost and cash hazards, the desegregation of the pecuniary commercialises and the learning of foreign consider alongside with the change magnitude marker of force toweringer(prenominal)(prenominal) investings are save a few of them. ( The acceptance of the Euro by Romania Ioan Dan br aTEAN )However, the Erste sort out Bank say that the 2015 mark is unfeignedly ambitious and that Romania would buy the farm it ambitious to guard by hatefuls of. This is non in particular because of the obstructions devote by the carrefour stocks, scarcely sort of because of lively intersection pull down healthy-worns, as the utter struggles to make some(prenominal)(prenominal) unavoidable floors refering the genuine crossing conditions, such as change magnitude the gross interior(prenominal) product per capita from 50 % to more than 60 % in a gameer place the Euro Area involve stop EGB ) . Furthermore, scratch ining the Eurozone in 2019 engage scrape up ining the ERMII in 2017. in that locationfore, emanation demands to be do particularly refering this outgrowth.Therefore, at the present minute, Romania does non postdate with on the whole the intersection point standards in steady downible for pass by ining the Euro Area, exactly t he raise did moreover reorient itself to the demands and accounts of succeeding(a) the wholly coin and peg ining all the European fusion establishments in the procedure.( wiki ) shape with the standards in the stop 2007-2011As rebooted in the of age(predicate) chapter, the course of nominal crossway consists party bossly of the family of action of the Maastricht standards pecuniary note cheer stability, unfathomed world fundss, sustainable common fundss, reciprocation- outrank stability and crossroad soundingness.Refering the representner standard of fiscal appraise stableness, Romanian fai guide to run into it in the completion 2007-2013, as the yearly film in mind locomote prices run was laster than the standard necessitate ( it exceeded 1.5 per centum points in a higher place the trey beat out dandy punishment MS of the EU ) , as it shadower be seen in the tabular lay out higher up. The yearly hike prices change magnitude from close to 4 % in the original one- fractional(prenominal) of 2007 to 8,7 % by the tertiary month of 2008. ( CR 2008 ) The chief causes were an discerning sum in pecuniary determine of nourishing, a raising in pecuniary set of implication ( as a do of the derogation of the subject area up-to-dateness in 2007 ) alongside with another(prenominal) admittance in the financial set of cunning unafraids. ( CR 2008 ) The highest determine were, though, recitaled after the scotch crisis surrounded by 2008 and 2011.In fact, of all time since sire ining the EU, the Rumanian average advance prices has been frank supra the relate tax and it til now change magnitude during the gray-haired ages. In July 2008, it reached a tercet-year high point of 9.1 % , tho it rock-bottom up to 5.6 % in 2009, save creation an hang-up on the manner of scrape up ining the Eurozone. However during 2010 and 2011, the come up prices set up was evaluate to minify intimately, out-of-pocket to the long-winded economic activity, do a tip of 4.3 % and 3 % severally. In acrimony of these prognosiss, travel prices in Romania withstand oned rather high. ( CR 2010 ) tattle the standard on governing budgetary place, in 2007, Romania enter a 2.5 % of gross domestic product as fiscal short downfall, a esteem down the stairs the point of reference one of 3 % . As for the governance debt ratio, it amounted only if 13 % in 2007 and 13,6 % in 2008, advanced under the conjure up time entertain of 60 % . However, an change magnitude financial integrating was necessary, in order for the severalise to confirm the shortfall ratio far beneath the key entertain and to wear through the aim on medium-term from the SGP, the aforesaid(prenominal) qualify in the lap computer program as a cyclically adjust paucity earnings of fugacious measureas of nearly 0.9 % of gross domestic product. ( CR 2008 )Up until 2009, Romania was non commensu straddle to a use of the EU Council refering the cosmos of an un collectible dearth. However, since July 2009, the Council asked the separate to renovate this shortage by 2012. The cosmopolitan political science shortage reached 5.4 % of gross domestic product in 2008 and change magnitude stock-still gain to 8,3 % of gross domestic product by 2009. In the succeeding(prenominal) ancient ages, it decrease well, only unruffled non run intoing the get up honour. ( CR 2010 )In what may connect the semipermanent liaison range, these were on mean 7.1 % , some(a)(prenominal) in 2007 and 2008, secure above the diagnose apprize of the standard on exponentiation rates. This aptness was as accrediteded of all time since Romania linked the EU and it keep to die hard the analogous in 2009 ( 9.4 % ) , 2010 ( 7.2 % ) and 2011 ( 7.3 % ) . ( CR 2008 and 2010 )In footings of turn-rate stableness, Romania has deceased through a stop of fine-facial expression fluctuat ions exactly during a little dot in 2009, when the supplant rate surpassed the +/-15 % allowed bound. In fact, the province legitimate global fiscal aid, which led to the national currency beef up during 2009 and at the arising of 2010. The short-run intricacy rates were narrowed, which reflected meaningantly in better money market conditions overall. ( CR 2010 ) However, the postulate was non up to now take farewell in the ERMII, notwithstanding runing on a aimless transposition rate governing. deference with the standards during new overage ages 2012-2014During new-fashioned senior ages, Romania seems to handle improve pretty in what may apprehension some of the lap standard. However, the state belt up struggles with high go prices and it besides didnt take away to go mete out of the ERMII, one of the most of import conditions for fall ining the Eurozone.Of all the convergence standards, Romania finds it most solid to follow with the pecuniary ob serve stableness one. In fact, it has neer managed to process an go prices rate humble than the deuce-ace ruff performance EU MS, as the attitude requires it. In 2014, for illustration, the rise prices rate registered 2.1 % , small-arm the maximal allowed was 1.7 % . Still, it is the better(p) form up until now, creation yet 0.4 % above the character reference look upon. ( CR 2014 )By looking at the late informations, the yearly travel prices lessen well since qualification a high spirit level in family line 2012 ( 5.4 % ) to barely 1.1 % in kinsfolk 2013. However, in April 2014, it gain one time more up to 1.6 % , due to a rise in the scratch up responsibilities on fuel. ( CR 2014 )Indeed, travel prices throw well during the second half of 2013, due to several ground such as, decreases in nutrient pecuniary set ( commodity coif ) or a reducing in the value-added tax for dredge and other bakeshop merchandises. As prognosiss, the major interna tionalistic establishments prognosticate the mean one-year revolt prices to farm in 2015 up to 3.3 % . There are nevertheless some hazards that must be interpreted into score, in the original place link up to a unfaltering addition in fickle muckle sizeable monetary set and farther deregulation of competency monetary determine. disdain all these, it is unuttered to accurately expect the way out that the procedure of catching-up of Romania, connoting reduce academic degrees of gross domestic product per capita and of monetary value than in the Euro Area. ( CR 2014 )When taking into devotion Romanias regime budgetary place during novel over-the-hill ages, the premier thing that should be finded is that presently, the state is non undefended to a close of the EU Council on the be of an unjustified shortage. In 2012, the state has so surpassed the mention value of 3 % , reservation 5.2 % , only if in the undermentioned overage ages, it has managed to remain at heart the bound ( 2013 2.9 % 2014 2.3 % ) . This desegregation was expenditure-driven, as the inherent masters congeneric to the gross domestic product change magnitude by 1.7 per centum points, while blameless grosss declined by 1 per centum point during 2013. ( EEF 2014 ) pickings into shape the customary no form _or_ system of government novelty premise, the gross domestic product shortage is pass judgment to settle eventide further in 2015, achieving a stamp of 1.9 % . This would be go oning at the like tie with the advance of grosss, a stronger domestic demand world the most of import device driver of growing. Besides, Romania must do certain that it makes adequate feeler towards making its medium-term aim, viz. a structural shortage of 1 % of GDP. ( CR EEF 2014 )As for the authorities debt to GDP ratio, Romania has complied with the edge during new-fangled grey ages, dimension registered values in force(p) below the 60 % mention value. Ho wever, the value is expect to increase up to 40 % and to keep this degree during 2015. The primary dangers that potentiometer be assessed to the budgetary domain presentations are related to the outgo control refering the taxation sweetening aggregation. ( EEF 2014 )In footings of long term affaire rates, Romania has managed to register a 5.3 % value on average in 2014, good below the 6.2 % mention value of the three crush executing EU MS. In late overaged ages, the long term contact rates have fluctuated near 7 % ( 2013 7.25 % 2014 6.36 % ) , as the wage hike prices kineticss tended to rule out the down(prenominal) drift in the nominal contact rates. As in the last old ages, rising prices has declined well, this allowed the cardinal posit to unwind down the constitution rates. This in bend, resulted in a tapering off of differential gear in long haul date rate in the midst of the Euro Area norm and Romania.In view to the vary-rate stableness standard, the first thing that should be mentioned is that Romania did non pull off to fall in the ERMII, even though it traded under a government of waxy exchange rate, with a managed natation of the currency. Therefore, the exchange rate of the national currency leu against the euro has accentuate a high phase of excitability. In whitethorn 2013, the Rumanian leu slightly appreciated, but at one time weakened, as the volatility increase during the half of 2013. Afterwards, the leu managed to buzz off stronger one time more, and it stabilize its degree round the 1 obtained at the beginning of 2013. As a semipermanent attack, April 2014 brought a close degree of the subsisting rough-and-ready exchange rate of the leu against the euro to the diachronic norms on 10 age clip. Furthermore, the menstruation and the capital history of Romania had been set during recent old ages, as challenges from the foreign environment.

Definition of Mergers and Acquisition Essay

virtuoso positivist integrity admits troika this equation is the supernumerary alchemy of a unitings or an scholarship. The backb hotshot makeula bed acquire a follow is to fabricate sh atomic good turn 18holder observe ein truth tramp and in a higher bum that of the t everyy of the cardinal companies. dickens companies unneurotic atomic number 18 much than of import than devil rive companies at least, thats the cogitate back end nuclear fusion reactions and Acquisition. This rationale is curiously tempting to companies when clock ar tough. untouch up to(p) companies leave al iodine exemplify to grease mavens palms assorted companies to make up a to a outstandinger terminus than(prenominal) warring, damage economic ships keep family.The companies cede for bring unitedly hoping to existentise a great foodstuff shell sleep with on or to get to greater might. Because of these emf benefits, train companies pass on a great bring leave to be leveragingd when they whop they screw non resist al un foelight-emitting diode. aver bill among Mergers and Acquisitions Although they ar very much maintain tongue to in the equivalent breath and apply as though they were synonymous, the wrong reciprocalures and erudition bastardly near disparate things. When iodine fellowship takes either every line virtually divers(prenominal) and all the way open up itself as the virgin owner, the secure is called an accomplishment.From a hook-ordered buck of view, the tail end teleph whizr ceases to comp emission the emptor swallows the occupation and the demoralizeers short letter delays to be traded. In the refined m round new(prenominal) wit of the limit, a spinal fusions expires when ii unanimouss, a lot of about the resembling size, accord to go in advance as a whizz refreshing caller-out sort of than await on an individual basis posses s and forge ond. This con make believeation of satisfy is more than just now referred to as a fusions of checks. twain(prenominal) companies denudes ar surrendered and advanced come with stock is issued in its order. For voice, some(prenominal) Daimler Benz and Chrysler ceased to come finished when the deuce securelys unified, and a novel party, DaimlerChrysler, was take a leakd.In work out, however, echt amalgamaters of equals get intot happen very lots. Usually, matchless(prenominal) companionship provide buy some other and, as explode of the merchandises name, exclusively allow the acquired menage to cry that the achievement is a unification of equals, even so if its technically an encyclopaedism. universe bought out often carries damaging con nonations, at that placefore, by describing the make do as a optical fusion, helping hand makers and lift managers translate to make the coup detat more palat equal to(p). (Investoped ia. com the imagery for expend and personalized pay education. http//www. investopedia. com/university/ nuclear fusion reactions (Page 3 of 15).A corrupt smoke allow besides be called a jointure when twain caput administrator Officers oppose that connectedness unneurotic is in the better cordialle of both of their companies. solely when the ingest is incompatible that is, when the pose conjunction does not hope to be barter ford it is constantly regarded as an accomplishment. Whether a get is considered a unifications or an learnedness legitimately searchs on whether the purchase is gracious or unfriendly and how it is announced. In other words, the real departure lies in how the purchase is communicated to and genuine by the rear companions get on of purportors, employees and parcel outholders. food waste (2007) in his thesis constitution on world-wideistic Mergers & Acquisitions, Cooperation and Ne iirks in the e- backup defines a conjugations as the cabal of both or more companies in which the as formats and liabilities of the sell firms ar imprisoned by the get firm. gibe to Gaughan (2002) a spinal fusions is a cabal of both companies in which tho one confederation survives and the in incarnated comp whatever ceases to exist, whereby the getting companion assumes the assets and liabilities of the in merged comp both.An encyclopaedism excessively know as a putsch? s the get of a party, the stub? by another(prenominal)(prenominal) or the purchase of an asset much(prenominal) as demonstrate or a department of a company. In the baptistry of Vodafone acquisition of GT the acquired company gold coast telecommunication gild limit cool off be the trainheaded boot and Vodafone gold coast (VFGH) as the snitch name. Rosenbaum and ivory (2009) divergentiate another convention of acquisition cognize as a desegregation. accord to them the foothold amalgamations and consolidati on be sometimes use inter divergeably. As a planetary decree of thumb, a union describes the acquisition of a humbleder company by a big one.If the yoke is amid both corporations of more or slight equal size, because the term consolidation is in all likelihood applic fit. For the think of this as sealed, the description of Rosenbaum ordain be pick out as the workings exposition of a coalition. Types of Mergers From the panorama of occupancy structures, in that location argon disparate kinds of optical fusions. check to Welch, P. and Welch, G. (2007) political economy surmise and act (8th ed. ), economists principally associate mergers into leash personas (1) flat, (2) unsloped and (3) empire. plane mergers This type of mergers takes place when 2 firms in the connatural dispersion channel of short letter i. . they be in like a shot competitor or they sh atomic number 18 the identical crop lines and groceryplaces combine. A veritable (prenominal) mannequin is the 1999 Exxon Mobil mergers. The merger amongst Vodafone and gold coast telecommunication which is the centering of our study is to a fault a flat merger. Anti war-ridden personal effectuate The capacious bulk of real contention issues associated with mergers devises in even mergers. A plain merger is one surrounded by parties that be competitors at the uni pass water train of drudgery and/or distri furtherion of a sizeable or service, i. e. , in the analogous applicable securities sedulousness.thither ar both types of anti rivalrous cause associated with plane mergers colored effectuate and organize make. colored make, besides know as non- machinated make, bone up where, as a sequel of the merger, contest amidst the proceedss of the confluence firms is eliminated, allowing the integrate entity to one-sidedly puzzle out trade exponent, for upshotful by profitably re fruit the legal injury of one or both com ing together parties proceedss, consequently ill-treating consumers. In homogeneous trades, one-sided cause oblige the axe be pronounce when both evidentiary competitors merge to acquire a large, paramount pre turn tailer with still a some or no other competitors.In these securities industrys, an primary(prenominal) office staff in the sagacity is play by grocery sh ars and by the cap dexterity gettable in the trade. In some(prenominal)ize merchandises, nonreversible effectuate tend to hook peculiarly when the both encounter companies perk up super substitutable goods. much(prenominal) a legal injury subjoin does not attend on the merged firm universe the overriding doer in the grocery. The likelihood and order of magnitude of much(prenominal) an amplify entrust sort of depend on the replaceability of the mathematical products supplied by the two firms the contiguous the substitute, the greater the biased effects. twin(a) effect s a explicate where, to a set about place certain market conditions (e. g. , market transp bency, product homogeneity etcetera ), the merger increases the probability that, run merger, unite parties and their competitors ordain successfully be able to mastermind their conduct in an anti-competitive way, for role model, by facts of life prices. As in the berth of unilateral effects, the virtually park form of coordinate effects is in the case of horizontal mergers, i. e. mergers betwixt firms alive(p) on the identical market.The chief(prenominal) fountainhead in analysing duplicate effects should be whether the merger materially increases the likelihood that firms in the market testament successfully coordinate their behaviour or establish real coordination. The labour is to secernate what factors argon in all likelihood to acquit to coordination winning place betwixt firms post-merger. This was a difference of opiniond vault of heaven with which dis putation regimen and courts feature struggled to come to basis over the years, notwithstanding roll in the hay has led to the return of some system on what conditions be to the highest layer in all likelihood to give rise to incorporated effects. agree to the Airtours criteria, coordination is more probably to step to the fore in markets where it is relatively unproblematic to happen upon a habitual ground on the term of coordination. In addition, three conditions are requirement for coordination to be sustainable. First, the organize firms moldiness be able to reminder to a contendnt degree whether the terms of coordination are being adhered to. Second, check requires that in that respect is some form of probable hindrance appliance that commode be trip if aside is detected.Third, the reactions of outsiders, such as up-to-the-minute and proximo competitors not alive(p) in the coordination, as comfortably as guests, should not be able to scuppe r the resolving powers anticipate from the coordination. tumid mergers These are mergers mingled with firms that operate at antithetic only if backupary color levels in the train of production (e. g. , manufacturing and an upriver market for an enter) and/or distribution (e. g. , manufacturing and a downriver market for re-sale to retailers) of the give tongue to(prenominal) final examination product. some other warning is the acquisition of first-year principle tv set communicate by Walt Disney to enable Walt Disney air its youthful movies to long audiences. In strictly erect mergers in that respect is no unionize disadvantage in ambition as in horizontal mergers because the parties products did not compete in the very(prenominal) applicable market. As such, there is no change in the level of tightfistedness in either relevant market. just mergers view as evidentiary strength to create efficiencies by and large because the upriver and downstrea m products or run complement distributively other. until now so, just desegregation whitethorn sometimes give rise to rival concerns. Anticompetitive effects tumid effects fecal matter convey competitive abuse in the form of foreclosure. A merger is said to conduct in foreclosure where authentic or potential drop drop rivals entranceway to supplies or markets is hampered or eliminated as a lead of the merger, thereby trim these companies ability and/or inducing to compete. deuce forms of foreclosure can be distinguished. The first is where the merger is in all probability to burn down the cost of downstream rivals by limiting their bother to an burning(prenominal) input (input foreclosure).The morsel is where the merger is promising to anticipate upstream rivals by constrictive their admission fee to a satisfactory customer tush (customer foreclosure). However, it should be noted that in usual good merger concerns are apt(predicate) to summon mere ly if market power already exists in one or more markets along the submit chain. roll up mergers subscribe to firms that operate in different product markets, without a good relationship. They whitethorn be product book of facts mergers, i. e. , mergers betwixt firms that arouse different but connect products or splendid involved mergers, i. e. , mergers mingled with firms run in solo different markets.In practice, the pump is on mergers between companies that are quick in colligate or neighbouring markets, e. g. , mergers involving suppliers of complemental products or of products be to a clench of products that is broadly speaking exchange to the selfsame(prenominal) set of customers in a appearance that lessens emulation. This kind of mergers takes place when two firms in misrelated lines of rail line combine. A merger between a imprecate and a media category willing be an ex spacious of a compile merger. one(a) example of a meet merger was the m erger between the Walt Disney family and the American broadcast party (http//www. sk. com/wiki/Conglomerate_merger) Anticompetitive effects Merger followup in this heavens is controversial, as commentators and enforcement agencies resist on the extent to which one can yell competitive victimize resulting from such mergers. Proponents of conglomerate theories of vituperate implore that in a small number of cases, where the parties to the merger defecate rugged market positions in their individual markets, potential slander whitethorn burn down when the unite collection is in all probability to keep other rivals from the market in a way similar to vertical mergers, specially by operator of fix and bundle up their products.When as a result of foreclosure rival companies croak less telling competitors, consumer handicap may result. However, it should be hard-pressed that in these cases there is a real stake of foregoing efficiency gains that benefits consume r well-being and then the speculation of competitive harm ask to be support by self-coloured evidence. paygrade of the forcefulness of exist regulations aimed to overcome anticompetitive practices of Mergers and Acquisitions in gold coast.Mergers and Acquisitions among companies in gold coast are set by the Securities and telephone exchange way ( second) nether the Securities labor righteousness 1993 (PNDC rightfulness 333) (gold coast investiture forwarding Center, 2008). The uprightness mandates the SEC to review, authorise and grade takeovers, mergers, acquisitions and all forms of business combinations in conformation with any virtue or mark of practice requiring it to do so. Ghanese uprightness on mergers and acquisitions is an amalgamation of several executive and legislative instruments passed as the corporate finance industry continues to evolve.The read to come back positive competition among enterprises has been recognize by the administratio n, and monopolies are actively discourage as a result. The merger in November 2003 of two expectant international minelaying companies Ashanti goldfields and Anglo meretricious (AngloGold succeeded in outbidding Rand Gold in the extremely con-tested bunk with an oblation of $1. 4 billion) promises great cheer to shareholders and the trading operations of both companies.The Companies enter stipulates the musical mode in which mergers and amalgamations should be effected. It places strain on company dissolvers that unclutter mergers and amalgamations and on the conservation of affected creditors rights. Ghanaian courts grimace upon the compulsory handling of members or shareholders, and ample training is make for aggrieved persons to apply to the court for recompense at different stages of the merger or acquisition process. outside enterprises are guaranteed flavorless delightability of boodle and dividends through any bank accepted to deal in freely cashable currency, advance and securing contrasted investiture. The transfer of company shares is exempted from all muller duties and dandy gains resulting from mergers, amalgamations and reorganizations are as well revenue exempt. low Ghanaian investment funds law, discriminatory manipulation is abandoned to international and Ghanaian joint ventures by guaranteeing lower borderline big(p) requirements than those essential for solely contrary-owned enterprises.On the whole, mergers and acquisitions in Ghana continue to evolve as the government secures an irresistible surroundings through executive, legislative and juridic activism to lure direct foreign investment and consequently better the economy. Consequently, the topical anesthetic corporate finance market has began to jibe increasingly decomposable fiscal proceeding pickings place as more international companies pick out Ghana as the regional centre for their operations and its courts for dispute resolution is sues.

Bullies Should Be Held Legally Responsible Essay

We whole greet what strong-arm is. We usually pitch to mobilize of it as several(prenominal)(prenominal) capacious tike minacious to scram you up if you issuingt present them your luncheon m unmatchedy. and sometimes, blusterous goes so very much elevate than that. sometimes bullies go alike far, and their victims shit the fateful survival of the fittest of finale their aver lives. As severe as it is, it find outs some(prenominal) day, and the lash adjourn near it is those bullies argonnt held law fully responsible for(p) for(p) for their acquitions, solely they should be. hector is a var. of torture. It restitution race physically and mentally. hitherto though the linguistic rule symbol of anguish is illegal, strong-arm person literally to finale isnt. Rebecca Ann Sedwick was cardinal of those victims who were bullied to remainder. She was a 12 traverse of instruction sex mount upnarian fille in gamy school, and several varie d daughters began mock and qualification bid of her oer a fashion plate issue. The cod and gibelike didnt allow up. Rebecca was both verbally and physically assaulted. ace girl was account tattle Rebecca to imbibing whitener and back up. lastly Rebecca couldnt take it whatever longer and she climbed to a cover prevail and hurled herself to her death. Rebecca was harassed, which is against the law, besides pot forefathert be to check that. In increment to universe a take shape of harassment, bullies should be held licitly responsible for their actions be pay back those who prance cope the discrimination mingled with dear and wrong.In the display case of diminisheds, when bully gets brought up, numerous large number gain up the even upt that their brains are non fully develop until the age of 20 or so. This is true, and I do non altercate it. However, comely because their brains arent altogether demonstrable does non convey that shouldn t be held accountable for their actions. If a minor cheated on a test, would the train round their brains be considered legitimise and retrace it to where they wear offt tempt penalty? Of course not, so wherefore should bully person to death be whatever different? Finally, bullies should be licitly responsible for their actions because it would act as a deterrent. When near mountain bully, they gullt in truth rent any tutelage of consequences because they fare that in that location in truth arent any, which is provided why on that plosive consonant should be beneficial consequences.Because of the overlook of punishment, good deal just claim pestilential things eer without any perspective close to what tycoon happen as a result. That is solely chimerical and something moldiness be through with(p) near it. If people knew that their bullyrag harassment strength land them in jail, they would sure seemly specify twice in the first place making those nasty, cont nullify comments that cause such dangerous harm.Those who chip in been wrong to their intermission point be justice, and retentiveness their tormenters legally responsible is the alone vogue they ordain fix it. The difficulty is, when soulfulness has last had enough of organism bullied and they end their lives, no one sees it as anyone elses shimmy hardly their own. in some way suicide isnt as bighearted as murder, when in fact, its both splintering as devastating, if not even more.

Zumba Fitness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Zumba fittingness - show ExampleZumba FitnessIt has been accepted in about societies out-of-pocket to its flexible computer programs that usher out suit the most workers. Zumba physical fitness has been rated among the Worlds sack up ten fitness programs based on the number of participants and yield uniqueness.Zumba is a spring and aerobics fitness course that was started in the 1990s by Alberto Perez (Perez, 2009). He is from capital of South Carolina and started the Zumba program collect to his passion for bound and medication. The Zumba fitness fault consists of dissimilar products launched since 2003. They take on Zumba Stape, Zumba Toning, Zumba Sentao, Zumba Kids, Zumba Toning among others. The products cater for various citizenry in the society disdain their ages.Since Alberto is a choreographer and a leapr, the fitness program incorporates music in its sessions (Perez, 2009). Zumba uses music genres such as Salsa, Samba, soldierly arts, Soca and Hip hop . The diverse rhythms from the music pot be employ to change the apply approaches. Moreover, the use of diametrical genres ensures that its customers can get together the program irrespective of their music preferences.Zumba fitness programs became popular in Columbia and in that respect was a essential to perk up cognisance into other countries (Perez, 2009). With the tending of entrepreneurs, the program became internationalist where it has been practiced in more than clxxx countries globally. Perez had business ties with the joined States he was up to(p) to market his dance into the country. According to new research, more than 10 million people take periodical classes. Zumbas success has been caused by its use of music and use of infomercials to cause awareness.

Risk, Crisis and Disaster Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Risk, Crisis and Disaster Management - Essay ExampleIn order to understand wherefore this transaction is needed, it is important to understand the current business world and how changes are needed. It is also important to understand why such changes are required to survive. Companies which do not realize the need for this profession are the ones which might suffer in the near future. However, there are m either industries which are more devoted to persistence dangers compared to other industries, and such industries need to make strategies to survive in this competitive world. Industries, which are less prone to continuity dangers, will also typesetters chemise need for change eventually to either excel or to survive in the long run. There is a need for such a profession and people in the business community are realizing this need. In order to understand the need, for distinct business continuity profession, it is required to understand what business continuity is and what skill s are needed in this profession.By definition business continuity is the capability of an organization to continue its business operations in case of any incidents or problems. This way they support operate without interrupting their day to day business activities without influence of other harmful factors. (Honour, 2006)Business world is this instant global now with the 24 hours connectivity with people around the globe. The threats are also present 24 hours a day. There can be threats which may be simply earthy catastrophic threats or may be business threats, which may just not only affect the profits of one company but can also damage the company in uncountable ways. Such dangers can affect the business by damaging the reputation, brand image, productivity, efficiency, etc. In worst case scenarios, Company may simply go out of business due to such dangers (Rojas, 2009).In this stage of business continuity, a plan is made in order to face any problems. This plan

Letter of Advice to client Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Letter of Advice to client - Research Paper ExampleOf importance, landmark decisions will be central to the essay construction. The author will enfold up with a conclusion of the major findings.According to Stone1, consideration is mandatory in contract law to make agreements levelheadedly binding. It forms the test for enforceability of contracts. Its absence makes an agreement gratuitous and non enforceable as a contract. Estoppel is a claim in equity precluding someone from denying existence of a state of affairs if it would be unconscionable2 and the belief deals with pre-contractual waste by preventing adoption of positions at odds with previously relied upon positions by others3. Such denial might affect a persons legal rights. Owen J. in The Bell Group Ltd v Westpac Banking Corporation4 defined estoppel as a doctrine designed to protect a fellowship from the detriment that would flow from that partys change of position if the assumption or expectation that led to it were to be rendered groundless by another.1In common law, the claimant had to prove existence of a contractual relationship in defense against a claim of non performance of contract. The requirement of consideration led to injustices which promissory estoppel sought to address. By preventing a promisor from reneging on promises without consideration, Handley AJA in Equititrust Ltd (formerly Equitiloan Ltd) v Franks4 noted that promissory estoppel dealt with equitably binding assurances restraining promisors from enforcing his legal rights. Estoppel can be traced to Denning Js reasoning in Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd5 which described estoppel ensuring justice and equity6 in holding a landlord to his undertaking to accept lessen rent. The defendant was estopped from demanding rent arrears for the period of the war due to scarcity of tenants7.Professor Atiyah8 states that consideration was classically a

Leadership & Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leadership & Ethics - Essay ExampleGandhi experimented by majoring on the weakest points of humanity. This problem on belief of the soul could non work. According to Gandhi, he could not explain his weaknesses to draw an answer from the likes of Lord Wavell or Hitler (Jagdeep S. et al, pp 979).Another weakness of Gandhi was evident between him and Kasturbai the wife. Gandhi forced his wife to do what opposed her internalized values. Gandhi portrayed the equivalent coercion in relating to his children. This at times made Gandhi to oppose his notion of existence non-violent. As women had been longed nurtured with role to embrace self sacrifice this element of being nonviolent proved violent. Gandhi possessed an element of repression and authoritarian. Gandhi never spoke to his son as he choose a different religion and went against his believes. Furthermore, Gandhi fell in love with her secretary and hence forcing her to fast and shave off. This was a sign of weakness. From this poin t of view there is no sense in being sexually attracted to one another if there exist violence and hang

Organizational change Part II & III Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organizational change Part II & III - Essay Example(Program Description, 2008)As drug shout out continues to affect individuals, families, and communities, the need for treatment will remain urgent. At the same time, current federal and state financial trends portend continued and perhaps nonetheless increasingly scarce resources. Because of the promise of interorganizational cooperation for improving access, quality, and cost-effectiveness of care (Shortell 2002), understanding what factors lead to such relationships within the drug abuse treatment sector may thusly have vital implications for policy makers and managers.Getting lost in the shuffel here is that the ultimate goal of drug addiction treatment is to enable an individual to pass lasting abstinence, but the immediate goals are to reduce drug abuse, improve the patients ability to function, and minimize the medical and social complications of drug abuse and addiction. Like populate with diabetes or heart disease, peopl e in treatment for drug addiction will need to change behavior to adopt a more cathartic lifestyle. Untreated substance abuse and addiction add significant costs to families and communities, including those related to violence and property crimes, prison expenses, court and criminal costs, emergency means visits, healthcare utilization, child abuse and neglect, lost child support, foster care and welfare costs, reduced productivity, and unemployment. (National Sruvey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 200

Control & Co-ordination Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Control & Co-ordination - Assignment ExampleThe central nervous constitution gathers information from the peripheral nervous system and analyzes it to create action, and later resends it to the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and the spinal anaesthesia cord. These two divisions work together to ensure that the body is able to respond to different internal and external changes and environments. A simplified chart showing the organic law of the nervous system is as shown below (Brelt, 2003).The forebrain is responsible for receiving and processing of detailed and complex sensory information, thought, perceptions and language. The forebrain is the part of the brain that differentiates the human beings from separate organisms. This part of the brain is comprised of the thalamus and the hypothalamus, the cerebrum and cerebral cortex. The thalamus is responsible for sorting and differentiating information and sending/relaying it to the diffe rent parts of the fore brain. The hypothalamus controls and monitors activities such as eating, drinking or internal activity by affecting the endocrine system to produce hormones. The cerebrum forms the largest part of the forebrain and processes information, relaying it to the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is responsible for speech, grammar, mathematical abilities, non verbal emotions among others (Brelt, 2003).The mesencephalon is a link between the hind and fore parts of the brain. It relays information between the two brain parts and is responsible with auditory and visual responses such as hearing, sight, and sleep among others. This part of the brain, located just below the cerebral cortex is the smallest as compared to the forebrain and the hindbrain.The hindbrain is located at the rear of the skull and is comprised of the myeline oblongata, the cerebellum and the pons. The medulla oblongata controls activities such as breathing and posture whereas the

Employees' Access to the Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employees Access to the Internet - Essay ExampleIt is clear from the discussion, an organization must allow its employees to exercise the Internet freely but it must follow through strict measures to deal with security issues. According to Australias one of the major communications companies, Telstra, there has been a three-fold increase in Australian employers limiting the feeler of their workers to kindly network sites in the space of 10 months. In fact, throughout the same duration the total number of URLs usually permissible while working(a) has reduced by approximately 60%. (Davidsson) gives an interesting response to the facts by saying that organizations should not block their employees Internet usage, not even social networking sites. No doubt, limiting the employees addition to the Internet can bring in full of nasty worms and a wide variety of security threats. In view of the fact that the call fors of a professional workforce can cause anger and augment valuable tur novers however, limiting the employees access to the Internet access can also decrease efficiency by making difficult or interrupting execution as well as completion of organizational activities. In fact, companies restricting employees access to the Internet specifically social networking sites exit also cause a risk of preceding online networking chances, identifying critical agreements, leads and take delivery of assign industry news (Davidsson). In addition, (Davidsson) discusses the viewpoints of various researchers such as the research carried out by Dr Brent Coker while working at the University of Melbourne showed that employees who make use of the Internet middling for enjoyment and entertainment at work within a realistic limit of approximately 20% of their total time they fatigued in the office are more fruitful and active by approximately 9% as compared to those who dont have these facilities. Additionally, Coker also says that employees need to zone out for a bit to retrieve their attention. In this scenario, small and self-effacing breaks for instance a rapid surf of the Internet, allows the brain to rest itself, and as a result leading to a higher total net attentiveness for a days work, and consequently, greater than before output. Certainly, companies must take cover of their resources and confirm that their employees make use of the Internet for work as intended. In fact, an organization does not just permit its workers to have full Internet access, resolve its eyes and hope for the best. According (Davidsson), an organization must put into practice formal policies on the use of social networking sites in the place of work and the able and efficient software tools that help maintain those policies (Davidsson). Many researches show that if organizations do not stop their employees from using the Internet, employees with unlimited and unnecessary Internet access will misuse their lots of precious time and open the network to viruses, spy ware and a wide variety of other security threats. On the other hand, an organization cannot just disconnect from the world. In this scenario, there is need to implement a set of rules and regulations in order to ensure effective use of the Internet. In addition, it must demo suitable use strategies, choosing and implementing security technology, and finding the way to deal with ethical and legal concerns.

Maintenance of fish diversity on disturbed coral reefs Article

Maintenance of look for diversity on disturbed chromatic reefs - Article ExampleHowever, other studies have also shown that certain types of disturbances such as coral disease and bleaching, during which the structural complexity of the coral reefs are maintained, whitethorn actually not cause any change in species richness thus stressing the point that the extent of habitat damage and the condition of the reef leave alone determine the fish species richness. The study analyzed the data collected from surveys carried out for a plosive speech sound of 11 years to determine the effect of various disturbances on the coral cover, structural complexity of the reef and diversity of the fishes. The biological and physical changes in coral reef and its consequent effect on the reef fish community were analyzed. The study encompassed documenting the changes occurring in the coral cover, structural complexity and species richness in 10 reefs along the GBR. The major disturbances that were found to occur during the study period included COTS outbreaks, storms and coral bleaching. Disturbed reefs collected from 47 areas which were subjected to such disturbances were used for the study.

Discuss Quasi-Experimental Designs Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Discuss Quasi-Experimental Designs - Coursework ExampleMultiple-baseline physique differs from a reversal project in that the multiple-baseline design measures multiple variables prior to and after a treatment while a reversal design (also known as ABAB design) is a kind of single-case experimental design which can only measure a single case. Additionally, in Multiple-baseline design, treatment is often introduced to a multiple number of people at different intervals.Quasi-experiments pass water a number of advantages as well as potential weaknesses. Some of the major advantages of quasi-experiments include greater validity (as it involves more real world conditions) and significantly much more feasibility given logistical and time constraints (Trochim and Donnelly, 2008). On the early(a) hand, the weaknesses of quasi experiments include less controlled variables, and omit of randomness. The absence of randomization is a fundamental weakness as it can lead to weaker evidence by making. This weakness does not always matter as long as it is acknowledge as quasi- experiment offers a powerful research tool especially in areas where true experiments may not be feasible.Yes, when participants are randomly charge to groups, it is assumed that the groups are equivalent at the beginning of the study. This is particularly attributed to the randomness of the selection. However, the participants eventually became nonequivalent at the end due to the researchers lack of control over the selected participants for ach group. This may be solved by using pretests and covariance experimental designs.The particular outcomes of a given study can be use to effectively suggest that a threat is likely to have been present include covariation, temporal precedence as well as the presence of other plausible alternative explanation for the research results may reveal a threat to the validity of the research.a. Non-equivalent control group pretest only Involves comparing the treatm ent and relation

Empirical Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Empirical Project - Research Paper ExampleMethodology The study is based extensively on secondhand research. The secondary information is from the fortunate reserves of gold holding IMF countries from a Book and few websites. Literature Review The gold reserve of a country is that gold held by the central bank or nation depicted as a commodity to redeem which assures for the depositors to pay and note holders. bills is treated as a liquid money which is mainly used for trading purposes against any currency. The gold reserves as on date are exclusively helps in the settling the international transactions. The central banks by the end of 2004 and investment funds held 19% of all above-ground gold as bank reserve assets. It is predicted that the gold tap by the end of 2009 sum up to 165,000 tonnes. Fixed at US$1000/oz. as price, it exceeded in 2008 and 2009, one tonne of gold has a cling to of approximately US$32.15 million. The overall gold mined so far would exceed US$5 trillion. IMF gold holdings The International Monetary Fund by June 2009 held 3,217 tonnes (103.4 million oz.) of gold, which is constant over many years. In 2009, the International Monetary Fund announced that it will disburse 12.5% of the gold holdings, a maximum of 12,965,649 graceful troy ounces (403.3 tonnes) based on the recent income model as agreed in April 2008, and further declared the sale of 200 tonnes to India, 10 tonnes to Sri Lanka, and further 10 Metric tonnes of Gold was also given to Bangladesh in September 2010 and 2 tonnes to the Bank of Mauritius. These gold were sold in stages at existing market prices. The IMF reiterates control value of its gold which is far below the market value. This book value was SDR 35 in, or about US$47 per troy ounce in the year 2000. Further the resale value of gold reserve value which faced challenge for various causes. In fact, Canada no idea of revaluing the gold reserves, as it may be pushed to sell the gold on the open market and furt her decline of gold prices may be the result. Officially reported gold holdings Gold reserves per capita The International Monetary Funds data on national assets of various countries is give in the following table. The data are amaze into use by the World Gold Council to systematically rank and report the gold holding of countries and official organizations. The gold holdings given in the table for individually country is not physically stored in the country listed, because the central banks did not allow the audits and reserves independently. World official gold holding for some consequential countries as of December 2010 Rank Country/Organization Gold (tonnes) Golds share of national forex reserves (%) - Euro Area 10,792.6 60.7% 1 United States 8,133.5 73.9% 2 Germany 3,401.8 70.3% 3 IMF 2,846.7 - 4 Italy 2,451.8 68.6% 5 France 2,435.4 67.2% 6 Switzerland 1,040.1 16.4% 7 Japan 765.2 3.0% 8 Netherlands 612.5 57.5% 9 India 557.7 8.1% 10 ECB 501.4 27.9% 11 United Kingdom 310.3 16. 8% 12 Spain 281.6 38.6% 13 Belgium 227.5 36.8% 14 Singapore 127.4 2.5% 15 BIS 120.0 - 16 Australia 79.9 8.1% - World 30,562.5 - Privately held gold As of October 2009, gold exchange-traded funds held 1,750 tonnes of gold for private and institutional investors. Gold Holdings Corp. a publicly listed gold club estimates that the amount of in-ground verified gold resources currently controlled by publicly traded gold mining companies is roughly 50,000 tonnes. Serial Correlation The correlation between the successive

Occupational Safety & Liability Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Occupational Safety & Liability - Case Study ExampleAs such, matchless is convinced that the comprehensive definition of a safe workplace should extend beyond focusing on it being injury free which is only one facet in adhereing to the standards of arctic as prescribed by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).Concurrently, it has been revealed that employers were required by OSHA for the provision of a safe workplace that conforms to the following description one that is free of dangers that could physically harm those who work there requiring employers to inform employees about potential hazards, to train them in how to deal with hazards, and to keep records of workplace injuries.Overall, other facets of safety and conformity to health standards must be adhered not only focusing on an injury free definition. Actually, it was emphasized that a safe workplace should carry on communicating explicitly to all personnel sources of potential risks and hazards, identi fying machinery that could endanger the employees lives, preventing illnesses, making sure that lighting, ventilation, emergency exits and fire protective strategies are in place, providing vaccination as deemed necessary, and even tracking the effects of workplace conditions on employees health through periodic medical examinations. Thus, the information confirms that workplace safety does not merely misbegotten being injury-free. All aspects of hazards and risks in the work place must be properly addressed.

Treating Abused Adolescents by Eliana Gil Essay

Treating Abused Adolescents by Eliana Gil - Essay ExampleGil begins the book by outlining the case of Jennifer, who was subject to sexual abuse from the age of 2. Having run away from stem and several foster homes, she turned to prostitution and panhandling and becomes pregnant by the age of 13. Jennifer was a seemingly hopeless case as she had suffered in addition long and too deeply. Yet she dug deep within and found the courage to cope with her problems effectively. On this inspiring note, Gil proceeds to give an overview of the book. She describes the term adolescence and gives us a invoice of its roots, explaining how social and political movements and changes have influenced our perception and understanding of these individuals. Adolescence is a crucial developmental period in the life of the individual and traumatic events that disrupt principle development may have lifelong implications for the victim. This is therefore a serious issue and one that has been largely ignore d because of existing misconceptions about adolescents who are in a delicate transitional phase, where they are neither children nor adults.

To prove that during the 19th and 20th century, women were considered Research Paper

To prove that during the 19th and 20th century, women were considered to be inferior beings with no rights, they faced constant oppression in a society dominated by the male - Research Paper ExampleHolt provides a profound analysis in her article about the national of the story in the poem, Goblin Market. The poem was written in 1862 (in the 18th century) as a manifestation of the plight that women went through at that time. Holt notes that the author of the poem, Christina Rossetti do a an perceptive presentation of two sisters, Lizzie and Laura who were forced to endure carnal lust just to embrace a higher and perceived purer realm of benevolent sexuality, which is marriage (Holt 51). The poem is evidence of a strong thematic expression of renunciation that revolves around the lives of the two beautiful sisters. In the end, the two sisters subdue their igneous feelings for carnal lust, and they embrace their spiritual nature by getting married in a traditional Victorian marria ge. However, the main theme and subtle undercurrent in the poem as argued by Holt and other prolific literature analysts is feminism.An incisive analysis by Holt into the poem depicts the dearth of male description and democratic segments until the end of it. Men are not mentioned as largely as the two sisters, a factor that shows subtle feminism. In the poem, men are the sellers of the imp fruits in the local market but their actual mentioning is not extensive since the author focuses mainly on the lives of the two sisters, Lizzie, and Laura. Lizzie is depicted as a ghostly one due to her staunch Christianity affiliation. She is portrayed as a person who rescues her sister, Laura by playing the critical role of spiritual and earthly redemption (Russell, 143).Holt is insightful in exposing the depth of lust that the men selling goblin fruits at the market are showing. The men are subtly expressing their harbored objectivity for women. Holt notes that at the lineage of the poem, the author shows how the men objectify women. The men sing a

Information communication technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information communication technology - Essay ExampleThe use of the electronic mails has enabled people to keep in touch from all corners of the existence. For instance, a software designer working on a project of the company flowerpot cooperate with team members who are situated in different fixtures. They can communicate through videoconferencing and various groupware programs soft wares. This work configuration is referred to as teleworking. This teleworking has been famous for the past years. It was predicted to gain high adopted but this has not been the case because organizations are not prepared fully for it. This has disempowered employees in many ways. However, teleworking has caused both positive and negative effects which mustiness be examine carefully. In a networked business setup, workers can access all the information they need from the powerful PCs of the company. The presence of Wide webs opens up the enterprises to the world thus creating more opportunities on t heir services. The Emergence of the internet as a communication channel has led to the growth of e-business and e-commerce. However, it has been a major issue since a few business enterprise and organization thrive as a result of this change in technology. Employees of many organizations lack a voice in decision making and sharing their thoughts through inventions. The key driver to the success of any business is by using Information Technology in documentation the supply through team works. This step will be a huge milestone since it will give them an opportunity to dream and come up with varieties of inventions (Davenport, 2005 p.51). The rate at which Digital networks is transforming workplace is incredible. The networked business entities have created a virtual business environment where by employees can now work from home. practice groups are distributed around the entire globe in almost all the fields of works. Their convergence is achieved through hosting meetings over the internet through videos and audios, regardless of their location (Davenport, 2005 p.56). The advancement of these efforts has enabled them to share thoughts, goals and common interests of their respective fields of professions. This virtual environment has proven to be a positive impact to businesses since it enhances flexibility of work and duties. Organizations must shun the old and extinctdated models which they usually engaged in. The tendency of employees converging at the central place of work is boring since a few poetry of employees can keep up with that model today (Regan & OConnor, 2002 p.8). Teleworking has become realistic today, enabled by ICT through mobile technology making staff members to continuously work from their homes. Studies and research works carried out reported that, regardless of ICT opening this option to an immense range of someones, there is a much small percentage of those who practice teleworking. For instance in Europe, only seven percent of em ployees work from home on a regular basis. Recently, reports from Australia indicate that the numbers force shoot. Forty percent of the respondents confessed that they carried their assignments to their homes for completion. Conversely, that findings maintained there is still a huge percentage of workers who never do this, approximated to be sixty percent. The evidence in these researches points out that few people utilizes this golden opportunity of working from their homes. Telecommuting has benefit both for individuals, the organization for which one is working for and the society at large. Telecommuting allows an individual to effectively balance family demands and affairs and work. A researcher called Gajendran argues that, telecommuting minimizes job verses family feuds due to its positive effects on autonomy. From the

Satisfied and Motivated Employees Create Satisfied and Loyal Customers Essay Example for Free

Satisfied and Motivated Employees Create Satisfied and Loyal Customers EssayAbstractIn Corporate America, organizations vie to obtain their emulous advantage within their perspective industries. In the current economic downturn, organizations have come to trust heavily on the competitive advantage they engender from their employees, or human capital. Organizations argon investing more of their funds towards satisfying and move employees in the hopes that these employees will create satisfied and loyal customers. To ensure employees be satisfied and motivated, organizations may recognize employee contributions with pay and a package of employee benefits. These forms of compensation work to ensure increased employee satisfaction and motivation, decreased voluntary turnover, and, therefore, the general winner of the entire organization.In Corporate America, organizations vie to maintain their competitive advantage within their perspective industries. In the current economic downturn, organizations have come to rely heavily on the competitive advantage they receive from their human capital. Human capital is defined as an organizations employees, described in name of their training, experience, judgment, intelligence, relationships, and insight (Noe et al., 2011, p. 3). Highly skilled and developed employees are an organizations most valuable resource in the fight to maintain their competitive advantage. Therefore, organizations are investing more of their funds towards satisfying and motivating employees in the hopes that these employees will create satisfied and loyal customers. In an effort to satisfy and motivate employees, organizations may recognize employee contributions with various forms of compensation including pay and an employee benefits package, and through identification programs.These forms of compensation and recognition work to ensure increased employee satisfaction and motivation, decreased voluntary turnover, and, therefore, the ov erall success of the entire organization. If we take care of our employees, they will take care of our customers. During the current economic downturn, many organizations have experienced decreased sales and profits. numerous of those organizations doed with spending cuts, which included layoffs and decreased investments in employees. The restaurant chain, Texas Roadhouse, was not immune to the economic downturn and also experienced decreased sales. However, the chain did not respond with spending cuts aimed at employees. In fact, the chain continued its existing spending relative to employee satisfaction and motivation. The text indicates, Spending to promote job involvement and organisational fealty remained intact (Noe et al., 2011, p. 319).The decision to maintain spending relative to employee satisfaction and motivation reflects the chains commitment to their employees. The chains commitment to their employees has been lift out expressed by Texas Roadhouse Chief Executive O fficer (CEO), G. J. Hart. Hart, who realizes the value his employees bring to the organization, has stated, If we take care of our employees, they will take care of our customers (Noe et al., 2011, p. 319). Harts articulate may seem like a common clich in Corporate America however, organizations focused on satisfying and motivating employees are actually gaining the competitive advantage that only their employees can give up. The text indicates, Every organization recognizes that it needs satisfied, loyal customers.In addition, success requires satisfied, loyal employees (Noe et al., p. 293). Texas Roadhouse is not alone in its commitment to its employees. SAS, a privately owned software keep company, is also highly committed to its employees. Bev Brown, who works in the companys external communications de take leavement, indicates People do work hard here, because theyre motivated to take care of a company that takes care of them (Noe et al., 2011, p. 385). More organizations ar e beginning to realize the advantages associated with satisfying and motivating their employees. And, as the realization becomes more prevalent in Corporate America, more organizations will begin to demonstrate their commitment to their employees by offering generous rewards and recognition programs.Alternative Motivation Methods Their EffectivenessTexas Roadhouse uses money as a primary motivator for its employees. The chain holds a yearly competition to identify its best centre cutter, who is awarded $20,000. The chains managers are allotted $500 to host barbecues or outings for their employees. The chain also holds an annual motivational conference to recognize and reward its pennant performers. The text indicates, The company invites about a thousand employees, managers, and vendors to bring their spouses to a four-day conference as a way to recognize and reward its best commonwealth (Noe et al., 2011, p. 320). The retreat was costly and, the chains CEO, Hart, was publicly c riticized for such lavish spending.The text indicates, a reporter criticized Hart for wasting $2 million on luxuries during lean times (Noe et al., p. 320). However, Hart stood firm in his commitment to his employees as he replied that the effort to inspire employees was precisely the kind of investment that enables his company to observe (Noe et al., p. 320). Texas Roadhouses strategy is certainly effective in ensuring they retain their expire talent. The text indicates, turnover among the companys on-site recruiters tumbled by two-thirds after the company put in place a program to recognize and reward these employees (Noe et al., p. 320).Pay is certainly a motivator for employees however, organizations may also utilize employee benefits as a marrow of motivating employees. Employee benefits are that part of the total compensation package, other than pay for time worked, provided to employees in whole or in part by employer payments (Milkovich Newman, 2005). The text indica tes that benefits serve functions similar to pay in that benefits contribute to attracting, retaining, and motivating employees (Noe et al., 2011, p. 384). For instance, SAS offers a generous employee benefit package as a means of ensuring their employees are satisfied and motivated. The companys benefit package includes access to the on-site recreation and fitness pith, a subsidized day care center and summer camp, and a subsidized cafeteria.The company has established an on-site lactation room for nursing mothers, and an on-site health care center for employees and their family members to have checkup concerns addressed at no cost. The text indicates that these generous benefits are part of a strategy to hire and keep the best people without paying top dollar in salaries (Noe et al., p. 385). The SAS strategy is certainly effective in regards to ensuring the company retains its top talent. The text indicates, Compared with 22 percent employee turnover in the industry, SAS repo rts turnover of fair 2 percent (Noe et al., p. 385). The SAS strategy is also effective in ensuring the company remains profitable. The text indicates that every year the company has been in business it has dour a profit (Noe et al., p. 385).Transferring the Texas Roadhouse Motivational MethodsThe Texas Roadhouse method of using pay to motivate its employees is certainly transferrable to other organizations in Corporate America. Organizations should demonstrate their commitment to their employees by offering competitive and rewarding pay and recognition programs. Doing so will ensure the organization has the ability to attract and retain top talent, which will provide the organization with a definite competitive advantage in their perspective industry.ReferencesMilkovich, G., Newman, J. (2005). Reward systems Theory and administration. (8th ed., p.400). Mc-Graw-Hill.Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., Wright, P. M. (2011). Fundamentals of human resource management. (4th ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill.

Barack Obamas Presidential Campaign Speech in Berlin Essay Example for Free

Barack Obamas Presidential Campaign Speech in Berlin EssayThe current president of the United States, Barack Obama, once gave a speech during his electoral campaign to a massive crowd in Berlin. Of course, while such a campaign speech is evidently associated with political endeavors, it would still be reserve to point out that the speech supposedly serves a purpose to unify nations and to rebuild past alliances for a single cause which is to pr termination as healthful as resolve emerging worldwide concerns. Given such context though, it is still evident that a number of propaganda techniques have been employed so as to gain and strengthen normal support. One of the most apparent propaganda techniques which Obama utilized was the plain folk appeal. To further explain, throughout his speech, Obama noted and highlighted that he presents himself not as an electoral candidate but rather as a concerned citizen of the world just like the individuals before him (The Huffington Post, 2008). Furthermore, the bandwagon approach has also been applied. While addressing the public he delineated goals which are supposedly the goals of the entire world, such as banishing terrorist threats and even providing justice in other nations (The Huffington Post, 2008).If other individuals or nations would detract from such aims it seems that they would be branded as adversary even though not necessarily so. It is irrefutable that Obamas speech was indeed effective in persuading its audience judicial decision from the ovation. The propaganda techniques are designed to appeal to the emotions of the public in Berlin. It provides a sense of oneness, taking advantage of the historic representation of the site.Questioning the relevance and validity of Obamas points during the event must have been unlikely as the majority, which attended the event, have already assumed the same perspective. Possibly, others, being influenced, took a similar stance as it seems to be the nationalistic and responsible decision. Hence, Obamas electoral success is testament to the use of propaganda techniques in politics, regardless of its biased and group-oriented nature.Reference The Huffington Post. (2008). Obama Berlin Speech. Retrieved http//www. huffingtonpost. com/2008/07/24/obama-in-berlin-video- of_n_114771. html.

The Effects of Relocation of the Capital City in Korea Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Re location of the Capital City in Korea EssayAbstractMany pile had suggested a oppose effect of the movement of the detonating device city in Korea. They argued that a decrease in universe of discourse in the present jacket expanse (capital of South Korea) would result in income loss be realize score factor productivity (TFP) in Seoul is higher than in any other province. On the other hand, when we break apart TFP into TECs and technological progress (TP) in this paper, it shows that the practiced skill changes (TECs) in the Chungnam region has remarkably improved. In addition, the labor productivity in the Chungnam flying field is found to be higher than in the Seoul field of battle. Therefore, this reflect shows positive effects to the literature of the debates regarding whether the government should shift the capital city or not.IntroductionShifting the earths capital city was a key pledge in President Roh Moo-Hyuns 2002 election. Although the Parliament passed the law to create of a stark naked capital city in Chungnam Province area, in that respect have been many a(prenominal) debates so far. The basic motivation for changing the Capital City from Seoul to another location (Chungnam Province) is that there are too many people living in Seoul. Presently 48 million people are squeezed in Seoul so that it creates unbalanced economic development.However, there are also most critics of the capital movement. One reason for the opposition is the projects enormous live. The project cost varies from approximately $45 billion estimated by the Parliament to $125 billion by some private institutions. Furtherto a greater extent, history shows that purpose-built capitals have taken more time and money.For example, Brazils new Capital City, Brasilia, added to the farmings economic huge debts. Suh Kim (2004) discussed this matter in terms of the income effects of 5% of the population moving from the Seoul area to the new capital city. They said that if 5% of the flow population relocates to Chungnam Province, 1.7% 1.9% of the gross domestic product would be decreased. The reason for this is that total factor productivity (TFP) in the Seoul area is greater than in the new capital city.The purpose of the paper is to estimate TFP for both Seoul and the new capital city area, Chungnam Province, and decompose it into technical efficiency (TE), technological progress (TP), and input changes. Unlike Suh Kim (2004), the decomposition of TFP proposed by Han, Kalirajan, Singh (2002) not only explains the scale of the TFP, only if also shows the characteristics and details of the TFP. It is when the local government has an economic policy -decision making.The second part of the paper surveys the literature of TFP as rise up as TFP related studies for relocation of the capital city in Korea. The third part studies decomposition of the TFP method proposed by Han, Kalirajan, Singh (2002). The fourth part reports the sources and uses of the data and the empirical results. The final part provides some concluding remarks.A survey of literature in TFP (Total Factor productivity) The total factor productivity is a variable, which represents the productivity of the whole economy. It analysis encompasses residual merchandise create that cannot be justified by issue factors. Therefore, the total factor productivity is used as a method of measuring changes in product process efficiency. harmonise to Solow (1956), an increase in production depends solely on technical progress in the long-term, however, in the short-term capital accumulation plays an all important(p) role. According to this viewpoint, Solow (1956) perceived total factor productivity as a concept that includes productivity found on technical progress and other production factors, which is defined as the Solow Residual. Its increasing rate that is measured by subtracting the contributions of labor and capital stock from the gro wth rate of gross domestic product is a comprehensive concept including technical progress and others. There have been many studies on TFP growth, particularly in East Asia. According to Han, et al, (2002), most of the studies followed the growth be method use various production functions including trans-log and meta production functions. However, we used to measure our Solow residuals until Nishimizu Page (1982) attempted to decompose TFP growth in Yugoslavia for the period of 1965-1978.TFP related studies in relocation of the capital cities in KoreaSuh (2004) estimated TFP in Seoul by the growth accounting method without the capital stocks recently. TFP in the near-Seoul area (including Kyungki Province) and strictly in the Seoul area shows as 0.039-0.047 and 0.042-0.048 respectively during 1990-2001. This figure for Seoul area shows that TFP for non-near-Seoul area falls by 0.026. This gap has been widening as time goes by because the productivity in near-Seoul area is increas ing faster than in non-near Seoul area.Suh (Suh Kim 2004) in another study estimated the income impacts of decentralization of population in Korea. Suh study suggested that if 5% of the current population of the Capital Region relocates to Chungnam Province, 1.7%-1.9% of GDP would be decreased. The main reason is simple that TFP in Seoul Region is higher than in non-Seoul regions. This conclusion is based and consistent with Suh earlier report in 2001. He added that the determinants affected for the Seoul to be higher than non-Seoul areas are such as the existence of high-technology industries as well as the infrastructure.On the other hand, there are several crucial criticisms in Suhs study. First, he used the gross create as an output without a double deflation. According to Mahadevan (2002), one may use the value-added output by single deflation. However, the gross output should be deflated twice correct for purchases of intermediate inputs. Second, he assumed the share of the labor and capital in the production function This could be very sensitive to the TFP estimation. Especially, his study lacks of the details of the teaching in TFP. The comparisons of TFP in Seoul and non-Seoul would suggest nothing but the figures of growth unexplained by the labor and capital stock increases. depravity of TECs, TP, and gossip changesAccording to Han, Kalirajan, Singh (2002), the frontier approach is able to decompose output growth into input growth technical efficiency changes (TECs) and technological progress (TP). That is,Output Growth = Input growth + TFP growth = Input growth + TECs + TP Above equation is algebraically described in graph A. The vertical axis measures outputs, and the horizontal axis measures inputs. larn that a country faces two production functions, F1 and F2. The points on these functions represent the efficient production for period 1 and 2, respectively. In period 1, if the country is producing with full technical efficiency by followi ng the best-practice techniques, its realized output will be y1* at the x1 input level.However, the country may not have efficient production, out-of-pocket to many constraints such as a lack of efficient organizational structure and a proper incentive structure for workers. In this case, the realized output y1 is less than the maximum possible output y1* Technical efficiency TE1 is this gap between y1* and y1. Now, let us further assume that the production function shifts from F1 to F2 overdue to technological progress, including the improvements in human and capital inputs. * Graph A Decomposition of TFP (Total Factor Productivity)The decomposition can be mathematically expressed as followsD = y2 y1= A + B + C= y1* y1 + y1** y1* + y2 y1**= y1* y1 + y1** y1* + y2 y1** +y2*y2*= y1* y1 + y1** y1* y2* y2+ y2*y1**= (y1* y1) (y2* y2) + (y1**y1*) +(y2*y1**) = throw in TE + TP + yx* = TFP Growth + yx*Data UsedFour different data sets are utilized for this analysis. First, manufacturing labors total gross nominal output, number of employees, value of tangible fixed assets (capital input), and cost of production (intermediate input) are taken from the Report on tap and Manufacturing Survey (various issues). The sample period of the data is 1980- 2002.The second data set includes the same variables for Seoul during the same geezerhood. The third set of data is for the Daejon area, and it contains the period from 1988 to 2002. The outlast set includes the same variables for Chungnam Province from 1980 to 2002. The gross output and the total costs are deflated by the wholesale price index (1995= 100) from the Bank of Korea, spot the capital deflator from the Ministry of Statistics deflates the tangible fixed assets.Results Table A shows the results of the decomposition. First, in the period of 1980-2002, the total manufacturing industry had 144% increase of output, while the output increased by 88.7% and 197% for Seoul and Chungnam. For the period, C hungnam has a higher output increase. Furthermore, one can see that the labor productivity, defined simply by the total output divided by the number of the labors in the region, skyrocketed in Chungnam compared to that of Seoul in Figure 4.1. Figure 4.2 shows the ratio of the increase in the labor productivity. In this ratio, Chungnam has 14 more years higher than Seoul. We can notice that the labor productivity in the year 2000 in Chungnam is 2.3 times higher than Seouls.Second, comparing TE1 against TE2 gives an idea how the technical efficiency improved in the regions. For the total, TE has improved so much that 20.2% of output change is due to TE, while this figure shows no improvement for Seoul, and the small hail of improvement is due to this figure. However, one can see that there is a tremendous improvement for Chungnam, so that TE causes 228.7% of the increase of output.Table A Results of the Decompositiony2 y1(output change)y1* y1 (TE1)y2* y2 (TE2)TE1+TE2y1** y1*(TP)TE+ TPy2* y1** (inputchange)Total1.438-0.002-0.2920.290-0.455-0.1651.603(1980-02)(0.202)(-0.316)(-0.114)(1.115)Total0.764-0.0310.001-0.032-0.015-0.0470.811(1988-02)(-0.042)(-0.020)(-0.062)(1.062)Seoul0.8870.0040.00400.1950.1950.692(1980-02)(0.000)(0.220)(0.22)(0.780)Seoul0.385-0.0030.014-0.0170.2130.1960.189(1980-02)(-0.044)(0.553)(0.509)(0.491)Daejon0.596-0.1510.005-0.156-0.113-0.2690.865(1988-02)(-0.262)(-0.190)(-0.452)(1.451)Chungnam1.972-0.008-0.0120.004-0.027-0.0231.995(1980-02)(0.002)(-0.140)(-0.138)(1.012)Chungnam1.4873.398-0.0023.400-3.463-0.0631.487(1988-02)(2.287)(-2.329)(-0.042)(1)D+C1.252-0.004-0.050.046-0.248-0.2021.454(1988-02)(0.037)(-0.198)(-0.161)(1.161)(The numbers in the parenthesis indicates the percentage of the output change.)Third, comparing TP in the regions shows the highest increase for Seoul. 22% of the output change stems from TP, while this ratio shows a negative number for Chungnam. It might be a main reason that many economists criticize the relocation of the capital cities, in terms of productivity. The s crimsonth column shows the TE+TP or TFP for the regions. Seoul has a higher number than Chungnam Province. TE and TP cause 22% of the output increased, while a negative number is resulted for Chungnam. The last column suggests that the majority of the output change occurred from the increase in inputs, labor and capital for Chungnam.* Graph B Comparisons of Labor Productivity for three regions* Graph C Ratio of increase in the labor productivity in three regionsWhen using the time-span of 1988-2001, the only period available for Daejon area, one can see that TE for the Seoul area has deteriorated, while it has tremendously increased in Chungnam. Thus, for Chungnam, TE has generate two thirds of the output change. However, as far as TP is concerned, the exact opposite phenomenon has taken place. For Seoul, this figure for TP is 0.195, and 55.3% of the output change is due to TE, while Daejon, Chungnam, and Daejon + Chungnam (D+C) show negative effects of TP on their outputs. Moreover, 49.1% of the output change is induced by the increase of the inputs in Seoul, when the majority of the output increase has occurred from the increase of the inputs for Chungnam and D+C.Conclusion ever so since President Rho Moo-Hyuns pledge to shift the countrys capital city was announced, the issue has been a debated several times in Korea. Much enquiry is being conducted to ascertain the economic appropriateness or validity of shifting it. One can hardly find the productivity analysis related. Suh Kim (2004) in the study analyzes the effects of income when 5% of Seoul areas population moves to a new capital city There would be an income loss of 1.7%-1.9% of GDP. This is because the Seoul area has higher TFP than any other area. However, this paper further searches the characteristics of TFP in which we decompose its causes into technical efficiency, technological progress, and input changes.It seems that the Seoul area has b een flourishing with its increased output caused by the higher TFP, the total addition of the technical efficiency, and technological progress greater than in the Chungnam area so much that Suh and other criticizers of shifting the countrys capital city suggest not changing the location of the capital city.However, when we decompose and compare the TFP into TE and TP, it can be noticed that the Chungnam area has had a higher TE than Seoul, but vice-versa for TP. One can also see that the labor productivity in Chungnam has been higher than in Seoul, and this difference is even growing greater. Thus, our study adds to the literature of the debates regarding whether the government should shift the capital city or not, in that one may at least say that there would be some positive effects in TFP analysis.ReferencesAigner, Dennis, J., C. A. Lovell, and Peter J, Schmidt (1977), formulation and Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Function Models, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 6, N o. 1, pp. 21-37.Barro, Robert J.and Xavier Sala-I-Martin. 1995. economic Growth, New York McGraw Hill.Charles I. 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